After the India Pakistan 1971 war Treaty was signed between the two countries in the Shimla, city of Himachal Pradesh which we known as the Shimla agreement. This agreement was signed between the then prime minister of India Mrs Indira Gandhi and the then President of Pakistan Mr Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
The signing date of Shimla agreement is 2 july 1972. In the 1971 Pakistan and India war, India defeated Pakistan badly and almost 93000 Pakistani soldier surrendered to the Indian army which is considered to be the world largest army Surrender. India defeated Pakistani in 971 and librated Bangladesh.1971 India Pakistan war is also known as the ‘Bangladesh liberation war.’
On 24 April 2025, when there was a terrorist attack in the pahalgam of Jammu and Kashmir, in response to that India suspended the Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan. India closed its Attari border. India canceled the visas of all Pakistani nationals and India also stopped the trade between India and Pakistan and in response to this Pakistan also suspended the Shimla Agreement.
The Shimla Agreement was an agreement that was endured between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh and it was a peaceful treaty which was made to establish peace on the border and establish peace between India and Pakistan, but even after the terrorist attack, Pakistan canceled the Shimla Agreement with India.
What is the agreement?
Shimla Agreement says that India and Pakistan should resolve all the current disputes in a friendly and peaceful manner. So that peace can be established in this region between the two countries and both the countries can use their energy and resources for the welfare of their people and for their development.
You should know the important provisions of the Shimla agreement:-
- Both countries will solve their ongoing disputes bilaterally without any third party involvement. Just as India does not want any kind of third party involvement in Kashmir issue, in the same way Pakistan and India will handle their disputes in their own way.
- The ceasefire Line of 1971 was changed into Line of Control through this agreement, under which both the countries will follow the Line of Control on the border and no country will change this line on its own.
- India will give an example of peace and goodwill by returning to Pakistan the 13000 square kilometer area that it had captured in the war. However, India will keep some area with itself.
- Through this agreement, Pakistan will recognize Bangladesh as a sovereign nation.
What can happen if this agreement is continue suspended?
After Pakistan continues to suspend the Shimla Agreement, any military and diplomatic disputes going on between India and Pakistan will directly involve a third party.
This third party can be the United Nations or the Organization of Islamic Countries. What will happen is that whether it is the Kashmir issue or the Indus Water issue between India and Pakistan or any military issue, there will be involvement of a third party in these, which will lead to unrest and conflicts between the two friendly countries.
Some reporters also say that Pakistan wants to take the Kashmir issue to the international level by suspending the Shimla Agreement so that China can directly interfere in it.
Suspending the Shimla Agreement will not be able to maintain the ceasefire between India and Pakistan on the border, which will lead to shelling, firing and heavy infiltration on the border, due to which peace will not be established in the region.
As you know, India is a country with the fastest growing economy in the world. Recently, India has overtaken Japan to become the fourth largest economy in the world.
Whenever peace is established in India, Pakistan tries to disrupt the peace by attacking India, whether it is the Parliament attack, Mumbai attack, India’s Taj attack, Pulwama attack, or any other attacks like Pahalgam, Pakistan repeatedly spreads unrest in India, but it is very important for Pakistan to remember that this is not the same India as before.
This is today’s new India, which knows how to reply to the enemy, whether that reply is a military reply or a diplomatic reply.
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Conclusion
The conclusion of the Shimla Agreement was that relations between India and Pakistan had become a little normal through this agreement. Both the countries had pulled back their troops on the border and a line of control was created between the two countries. Through this agreement, India had returned the occupied area of Pakistan and through this agreement, Pakistan had accepted Bangladesh as a sovereign country.